ʻO ke ʻano unuhi mea kanu maoli
Hoʻohana nui kēia ʻano i nā lau mea kanu o ka genus Ursi ma ke ʻano he kumu waiwai, a hoʻohana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik, extraction, column chromatography a me nā ʻano hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe e loaʻa ai.arbutin unuhi. I ka makahiki 1930, ua hōʻike ʻiaarbutin Aia i loko o nā lau o ke kāpena pōhaku. Ua hōʻoia ʻia nā haʻawina ma hope e loaʻa ka arbutin i nā lau o ka lāʻau laiki ʻeleʻele, bilberry, bearberry a me ka lāʻau pear. nā glycosides.
No ka mea he haʻahaʻa loa ka ʻike o ka arbutin i loko o nā mea kanu, paʻakikī ke kaʻina o ka unuhi ʻana, a ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka maʻemaʻe o ka extract, no laila me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano hana hoʻomākaukau ʻē aʻe, ua nalowale ke ʻano o ka mea kanu i kona pono hoʻokūkū.
Moʻomeheu mea kanu
Hoʻohana ke ʻano moʻomeheu mea kanu i ka hiki glycosylation o nā mea kanu ke hoʻololi i ka hydroquinone i arbutin. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka arbutin me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano moʻomeheu mea kanu. I ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano, ʻo ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻano moʻomeheu mea kanu kūpono a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā kūlana moʻomeheu kūpono ke kī.
T ʻO nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia i ke ʻano moʻomeheu mea kanu he maʻemaʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana, a ʻaʻole pollution ka hana. Eia nō naʻe, lōʻihi ka pōʻaiapili hana, paʻakikī ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, a ʻaʻole i oʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo hou ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, ka wehewehe ʻana i nā kumu kumu nui o ke kaʻina hana synthesis, ka hoʻopōkole ʻana i ke kaʻina hana, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hua, ʻo ia nā pilikia nui e pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i ka enzyme
Hoʻohana nui ke ʻano hana synthesis i ka glycosyltransferase a i ʻole glycosidase ma ke ʻano he catalyst e catalyze glycosyl transfer a hoʻohuli i nā hopena hydrolysis e synthesize glycosides, ʻo ia hoʻi, loaʻa ka arbutin mai ka hydroquinone a me ka glucose ma lalo o ka catalysis o glycosidase.
He kaʻina maʻalahi ke ʻano hana synthesis, kiʻekiʻe ka hana synthesis, a me nā manaʻo hoʻomohala maikaʻi loa. Me ka noiʻi hohonu e pili ana i kēia ʻano i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia nā zymogens kūpono, a ke piʻi aʻe nei ka helu synthesis o arbutin. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo kēia ʻano hana kekahi o nā kuhikuhi noiʻi nui no ka synthesis o arbutin i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻekahi.
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kemika
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hoʻohana ka synthesis kemika o arbutin i ka glucose a me ka hydroquinone ma ke ʻano he kumu. Ma hope o ka mālama pono ʻia ʻana o nā mea ʻelua, loaʻa iā lākou kahi hopena glycosidation a laila wehe i ka hui pale. Ua lilo ke ʻano hana synthesis i mea koʻikoʻi loa no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka arbutin ma muli o kāna mau pono o ka maikaʻi o ka huahana synthetic maikaʻi a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a ua hoʻokō i ka hana ʻoihana ma ka home a ma waho.
I kēia manawa, ma Kina, hoʻohana maʻamau ka glucose anhydrous ma ke ʻano he mea maka, ab Hana ʻia -arbutin ma o ka pale acylation, condensation catalytic, a me ka hydrolysis alkaline. Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana synthesis, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua maʻalahi nā ʻanuʻu no ka synthesis home o arbutin, ua hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻia ka helu synthesis, a ua hōʻea ka maikaʻi i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka honua. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka stereoselectivity o ka huahana i ka synthesis chemical, pono mau ka noiʻi hohonu e ʻimi i kahi ʻano hana synthesis kemika kūpono a kikoʻī no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana.a-arbutin.
ʻO ka palekana o arbutin
Ma muli o ka hopena o ka hydroquinone i ke kāohi ʻana i ka tyrosinase, ua hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka anti-freckle mua a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe keʻokeʻo e hōʻemi i ka pigmentation ʻili. Ua ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ma hope he hiki i ka hydroquinone ke kumu o ka exogenous ochronosis a me vitiligo, a me ka sensitization a me ka carcinogenesis. ʻO nā pilikia kūpono, ua helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea pāpā ʻia o nā mea hoʻonaninani i koʻu ʻāina. ʻO Arbutin kekahi mea hoʻopiʻi tyrosinase a he pani no ka hydroquinone. Ma lalo o nā kūlana e like me ka pH haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka wela kiʻekiʻe, a me ka ultraviolet irradiation, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka arbutin i hydroquinone ma lalo o ka hana a nā microorganisms ʻili a i ʻole glucosidase, e hopena i nā pilikia o ka sensitization, genotoxicity, a i ʻole carcinogenesis. No laila, ʻo ka noiʻi palekana o arbutin ua ʻimi mau i ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻoihana.
I Pepeluali 2023, ua hoʻopuka ʻo SCCS i kona manaʻo hope no ka palekana oa-arbutin a meb-arbutin i nā mea hoʻonaninani (SCCS/1642/22), me nā hopena aʻe
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